In the realm of cognitive choice theories, we have Victor H. Vroom's theory, published in 1964. This theory establishes a connection between an individual's motivation, expectations, and the likelihood of achieving those expectations.
The theory is expressed through a three-variable formula:
Motivation = Valence x Instrumentality x Expectation
- Valence represents the subjective value, positive or negative, that we assign to the potential outcomes of our actions or performance.
- Instrumentality refers to the relationship between the result of an action and its broader consequences. It focuses on the impact rather than the result itself.
- Expectation represents the level of confidence an individual has in their ability to succeed.
This theory was groundbreaking as it emphasized an individual's aspirations and self-worth in pursuing goals.
Vroom's theory is widely regarded as the most pertinent and the only true theory of motivation.1
Vroom's theory paved the way for many subsequent research and theories characterized by increasingly complex terminology and convoluted formulas.
- 1
Maugeri, Salvatore. Théories de la motivation au travail - 2ème édition (Les Topos) (French Edition) . Dunod.